@Article{ValverdeRosa:2023:InDuSp,
               author = "Valverde, Maria Cleofe and Rosa, Marcelo Barbio",
          affiliation = "{Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Heat waves in Sao Paulo State, Brazil: Intensity, duration, 
                         spatial scope, and atmospheric characteristics",
              journal = "International Journal of Climatology",
                 year = "2023",
               volume = "43",
               number = "8",
                pages = "3782--3798",
                month = "June",
             keywords = "atmospheric blocking, extreme event, heat wave, Sao Paulo, 
                         synoptic system.",
             abstract = "Heat waves (HWs) are atmospheric events of synoptic and global 
                         scale that negatively impact productive sectors and the 
                         population. This study aims to investigate HWs in the Sao Paulo 
                         (SP) State, Brazil, and describe their intensity, duration, 
                         spatial coverage and atmospheric characteristics. HWs were 
                         identified using observed data from 65 weather stations for the 
                         period 2000-2020. The NCEP-DOE Reanalysis was used to determine 
                         synoptic and global scale circulation characteristics. The results 
                         showed that SP experiences different effects of thermal stress on 
                         maximum temperatures (T-max), with the north and northwest sectors 
                         reaching the highest average values (38?). The average temperature 
                         of HWs in the state was 34.9?, with an average duration of 5.3 
                         days and 92% of events taking place between 2010 and 2020. A 
                         greater number of events occurred in 2015, 2016 and 2019, mainly 
                         in the austral summer and spring. The following atmospheric 
                         characteristics were found to be associated with HWs in SP: an 
                         anomalous semistationary anticyclonic circulation at 500 hPa over 
                         the hinterland regions of Brazil, a thermal low at 1000 hPa over 
                         Paraguay, a Rossby wave train originating in the South Pacific 
                         Ocean and spreading to centre-south Brazil, a positive sea surface 
                         temperature anomaly in the South Atlantic Ocean near the coast of 
                         Brazil and another over the South Pacific, and a negative pattern 
                         circling Antarctica. Apparently, there is a certain degree of 
                         coupling between sea surface temperature anomalies and the Rossby 
                         train, the former being the trigger of the event.",
                  doi = "10.1002/joc.8058",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.8058",
                 issn = "0899-8418",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Intl Journal of Climatology - 2023 - Valverde - Heat waves in S o 
                         Paulo State Brazil Intensity duration spatial scope .pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "30 abr. 2024"
}